Are the textile-derived microfibers toxic to aquatic ecosystems? How do they affect associated microbial community dynamics and antimicrobial resistance?

The persistent contamination of aquatic ecosystems through microplastic has become a significant ecological anxiety. According to the European Environment Agency, about 200,000-500, 000 tons of microplastic fiber are inflowing marine water yearly. Of these, more than 35% are textile-originated. The absence of robust enforcement policies regarding the use of biomaterial and recycling of textile wastes in the textile industry results in the consistent release of plastic/synthetic microfibers into the environment. The project aims to explore the toxicity of textile-derived microfibers or microplastics derived from textiles and associated micropollutants in aquatic ecosystems/organisms. It will also elucidate how these pollutants impact microbial community dynamics as well as antibiotic resistance. The microfibers are often overlooked compared to microplastic (⁓5mm) particles. These tiny particles/fibers originated from various sources, including synthetic textiles, personal care products, and industrial processes, and have been detected in different environmental matrices and biota. However, systematic research data on ecotoxicological effects on ecosystems, and aquatic organisms, potentially leading to bioaccumulation and adverse biological effects are elusive.