Intelligent Collaborative Manufacturing Space

Today, as manufacturers struggle with shortages of highly skilled personnel, the value of effective collaboration is more significant than ever, e.g., the workers need to share more tasks in the future. Among the top manufacturing executives, 43% of them think that collaboration can shorten time-to-market for new products, and 26% of them expect that the improvement of collaboration can reduce operational costs. The necessity for better collaboration between humans and machines is highlighted by the following important statement: "Humans should never be subservient to machines and automation, but machines and automation should be subservient to humans" . Therefore, future human-machine teams should be defined based on the three main features of human-machine symbiosis: human centrality, social wellness, and adaptability. The development of these balanced automation systems requires human-centered automation reference architectures to integrate the lifecycle and human aspects into the Enterprise Architecture body of knowledge. The human-machine collaborative intelligence is a partnership to optimize team benefits and maximize their long-term returns to interactions with the environment and other agents.